China landscape definition12/6/2023 China has experienced rapid urbanization and, since the economic reforms in 1978, history’s largest flow of rural-urban migration in the world the income differential between their rural home and urban destinations was a driving factor (Zhang and Song, 2003). To date, 114 properties worldwide have been inscribed as Cultural Landscapes, representing “combined work by man and nature (UNESCO, 1999).” The evolution of cultural landscapes in contemporary China is contextualized by the rapid socio-economic changes and the very definition of ethnicity. Top of pageġIn 1992, the World Heritage Convention adopted Cultural Landscape as a category in the World Heritage List. Tourism and conservation policies should evaluate the interests of all stakeholders and their behavioral consequences on cultural landscapes. Effective management policies on cultural landscapes must put their creators and their livelihoods at the center rather than the physical manifestations. The continuing cultural landscapes are created collaboratively by people and nature, and by the collaborative practice of people. Tourism may slow down the loss of terraced fields by providing alternative opportunities and attracting people to return from the cities, while the commodification in tourism businesses also led to dramatic changes to the village landscapes. The continuing urbanization process threatens the cultivation traditions by displacing agricultural livelihoods, rural-urban migration, and enabling young generations to abandon work on the farmlands. Mixed method research, including researching secondary materials, in-depth interviews, participant observation, and questionnaire surveys were conducted on local households and other stakeholders. A stakeholder approach is applied in understanding the attitudes and practices of different agents towards terraced fields and traditional villages. This paper aims to fill the gap through case studies of two subtropical rice terraced field cultural landscapes in China’s highlands. Tourism has brought new challenges and opportunities to these areas, while its impacts on the cultural landscape are inadequately researched. In Asia, the ongoing urbanization and rural-urban migration have threatened the continuing cultural landscapes as people leave their homes. In 1992, the World Heritage Convention adopted the cultural landscape in the World Heritage List. Cultural landscapes are combined work of man and nature.
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